tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29677586587893442482024-03-14T03:41:52.458-07:00Biotaxon | New Species ReportUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-68413730048341245252016-12-14T00:28:00.000-08:002016-12-14T00:28:18.367-08:00[Zoology] Description of three new species of the tropical Asian jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 from high altitude cloud forests of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Abstract</b>. Spiders of the tropical Asian jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 are small to medium-sized, delicate, translucent, commonly found inhabitants of Asian evergreen forest foliage. In this paper, three new species of the genus, <i>O. jamestaylori</i> sp. nov. (♂♀), <i>O. corbetensis </i>sp. nov. (♂♀) and <i>O. maskeliya </i>sp. nov. (♂♀) are described from Sri Lanka. The three new species are added to the matrix of a previous study to assess their phylogenetic position. The resulting cladistic analysis, based on 35 morphological characters from 18 taxa (13 Onomastus species and 5 outgroups) supports the monophyly of the genus. Additionally, a monophyletic, well-supported South Asian clade (India, Sri Lanka), which is restricted to the Sri Lanka-Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, is recovered in most analysis. The three newly described species might be endangered due to their small population size and restricted distribution in high altitude cloud forest.</div>
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<b>Key words</b>: Phylogeny, endemics, synapomorphies, monophyly, parsimony, India, mountaintops</div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><i>Onomastus jamestaylori</i> sp. nov.</span></h3>
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<b>Description.</b> <b><i>Male holotype</i></b>: yellowish green in life (Figs 1A–B). Lateral sides of prosoma bordered in dark green (Figs 1A–B). Specimens preserved in ethanol, light yellow. Chelicerae yellowish green with 3 promarginal and 7 retromarginal teeth. Labium yellowish green, as wide as long. Scutiform sternum with vague margins. Ocular region densely clothed with glossy white hairs (Figs 1A–B). All eyes black, except for the greenish yellow anterior medians, placed on low, black tubercles. Eye field broader anteriorly than posteriorly, occupying nearly half of the prosoma. PMEs much smaller, positioned on black tubercles. Median ocular quadrangle wider than long. Prosoma moderately high, rounded, slightly longer than wide. Posterior prosoma slopes gradually, rounded, without any truncation. Abdomen: oval, longer and narrower than prosoma, tapering toward posterior end. Dorsum yellowish green with pairs of dark green spots on the lateral sides (Figs 1A–B). Venter yellowish green without any markings. Spinnerets yellowish green. Legs: front legs greenish brown, somewhat darker than others, femur I and patella I with dark black markings (Fig. 1A), other legs yellowish green. Male palp: greenish brown with reddish brown palpal tibia; cymbium and bulbus large. Cymbium with distal finger-like extension. Highly sclerotized median apophysis, curved to a semi-circular arch, ending in broad, weakly bifurcated terminal structure with serrated tips (Figs 2A–B, Figs 3A–E). Retrolateral patellar apophysis broad, tip blunt (Figs 2A–B, 3B). Embolus originates from alveolar cavity, moderately long, thread-like. Conductor tapering (Figs 2A–B, 3A, B, D), lying between median apophysis and tegulum, with heavily sclerotized embolic guide, terminates in a broad, oval, spur, armed with two hooks (Figs 2A, 3A, C, D). Mesal branch of MA supports spur and embolic guide. TA1 long and fingerlike, TA3 prominent, broad, short, clearly visible. Measurements: TL 2.85, PL 1.30, PW at PLEs 1.05, AL 1.60, AW 0.75. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.34, PLE 0.12, ALE 0.20, PME 0.01, PME–PME 0.62, PLE–PLE 0.46, ALE–PME 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.31. Leg I: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.36, Pt 0.37, Tb 1.24, Mt 0.84, Ta 0.40; Leg II: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.24, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.24, Mt 0.96, Ta 0.37; Leg III: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.30, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.18, Mt 1.27, Ta 0.34; Leg IV: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.33, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.27, Mt 1.40, Ta 0.34.</div>
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<b><i>Female paratype</i></b>: As in males, except: eye field occupying nearly one third of prosoma, lateral sides of prosoma without dark green markings, abdomen broader, prominent pairs of dark green spots in the anterior, tibiae of all legs with black patches and tibia I with larger, prominent patches (Figs 1C–D). Epigyne: relatively less sclerotized. Large atrial rim present (Figs 2C–D). Copulatory openings clearly visible, situated anterolaterally to the bean-shaped spermathecae. Spermathecae appear to be fused. Fertilization ducts lanceolate, long, slender, originating from middle of postero-dorsal wall of receptacles. Measurements: TL 3.75, PL 1.75, PW at PLEs 0.95, AL 1.85, AW 0.95. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.34, PLE 0.09, ALE 0.22, PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.59, PLE–PLE 0.47, ALE–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.34. Leg I: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.24, Pt 0.40, Tb 1.18, Mt 0.76, Ta 0.43; Leg II: Tr 0.09, Fm 1.27, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.05, Mt 0.84, Ta 0.34; Leg III: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.27, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.09, Mt 0.81, Ta 0.34; Leg IV: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.36, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.27, Mt 1.36, Ta 0.56.</div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><i>Onomastus corbetensis</i> sp. nov.</span></h3>
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<i>Male holotype</i>: pale green in life; ethanol preserved specimens light yellow. Chelicerae pale green with 3 promarginal, 7 retromarginal teeth. Pale green labium, as wide as long. Scutiform sternum with vague margins. Ocular region densely covered with glossy white hairs. All eyes black, except for the greenish yellow anterior medians, placed on low, black tubercles (Figs 4A–B). Eye field broader anteriorly than posteriorly, occupying nearly half of the prosoma. PMEs much smaller positioned on black tubercles. Median ocular quadrangle wider than long. Prosoma moderately high, rounded, slightly longer than wide. Posterior prosoma slopes gradually, rounded, without any truncation. Abdomen: elongate, ovoid, longer and narrower than prosoma, tapering toward posterior end. Dorsum pale green with dull green blotches on the lateral sides (Figs 4A–B). Venter pale green, no markings, spinnerets pale green. Legs: pale green without any markings. Male palp: pale green palp with faint brown palpal tibia, cymbium and bulbus. Cymbium with distal finger-like extension. Highly sclerotized, branched median apophysis. Pleated prolateral branch of MA with hook-shaped tip, retrolateral branch strongly curved, end in a faintly serrated tip (Figs 5A, 6B, D). Retrolateral patellar apophysis much broader tapered with rounded tip (Figs 5A–B, 6B–C). Filamentous, medium sized embolus originating from alveolar cavity. Conductor tapering (Figs 5A–B, 6B–D), lying between median apophysis and tegulum, heavily sclerotized embolic guide, terminus shape of spur with two pointed hooks (as in Figs 5A, 6B, D, E). Mesal branch of MA supports spur and embolic guide. TA1 long and finger-like, TA3 short, broad. Measurements: TL 2.80, PL 1.50, PW at PLEs 0.95, AL 1.40, AW 0.80. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.34, PLE 0.12, ALE 0.19, PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.59, PLE–PLE 0.46, ALE–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.31. Leg I: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.30, Pt 0.40, Tb 1.27, Mt 0.84, Ta 0.40; Leg II: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.27, Pt 0.37, Tb 1.24, Mt 0.99, Ta 0.34; Leg III: Tr 0.09, Fm 1.27, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.21, Mt 1.27, Ta 0.31; Leg IV: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.43, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.27, Mt 1.43, Ta 0.31. </div>
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<i><b>Female paratype</b></i>: As in male, except: yellowish green prosoma, eye field occupying nearly one third of prosoma, prominent black marking in the middle of eye field, broad abdomen with prominent dark green markings (Figs 4C–D). Epigyne: very sclerotized. Anterior epigynal border with broad, sclerotized hood-like structure. Atrial rim present, copulatory openings directly open into spermathecae, spermathecae large, somewhat rounded, small indentation mid-laterally, sclerotized thick walls (Figs 5C–D). Fertilization ducts lanceolate, long, slender, originating from middle of postero-dorsal wall of receptacles. Measurements: TL 3.65, PL 1.35, PW at PLEs 0.90, AL 2.20, AW 1.10. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.37, PLE 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.62, PLE–PLE 0.67, ALE–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.31. Leg I: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.55, Pt 0.43, Tb 1.21, Mt 0.81, Ta 0.40; Leg II: Tr 0.10, Fm 1.24, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.05, Mt 0.81, Ta 0.31; Leg III: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.30, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.05, Mt 0.81, Ta 0.31; Leg IV: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.33, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.27, Mt 1.33, Ta 0.53</div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><i>Onomastus maskeliya </i>sp. nov</span></h3>
<b><i>Male holotype</i></b>: yellowish green carapace, pale green color laterals in live spiders (Figs 7A–B). Spiders preserved in ethanol faded yellow in color. Pale green chelicerae, fawn color tip, 3 promarginal and 7 retromarginal teeth. Labium yellowish green, wider than long. Scutiform sternum with vague margins. Ocular region sparsely clothed with white hairs. All eyes black in color, placed on low tubercles, except for greenish yellow, anterior medians. Eye field with prominent black patches in the center (Figs 7A–B), broader anteriorly than posteriorly, occupying about half of the prosoma. PMEs much smaller, positioned on black tubercles. Median ocular quadrangle wider than long. Prosoma moderately high, rounded, longer than wide. Posterior prosoma slopes gradually rounded, without truncation. Abdomen: elongate, ovoid, longer and narrower than prosoma, tapering toward posterior end. Dorsum yellowish green, lateral with dark green characteristic pattern (Figs 7A–B). Venter yellowish green, no markings. Spinnerets yellowish green. Legs: pale green without any markings. Male palp: pale green with brown palpal tibia; cymbium and bulbus large, with distal finger-like extension. Median apophysis well sclerotized, no branches, tip rounded (Figs 8A, 9B, D, E). Retrolateral patellar apophysis broad, tip blunt (Figs 8A–B, 9A–C). Embolus originates from the alveolar cavity, moderately long, thread-like. Conductor filiform, lying between median apophysis and tegulum, with heavily sclerotized embolic guide that terminates in a comparably larger and broader hook-shape of spur (Figs 8A, 9A–E). Spur and embolic guide supported by mesal branch of MA. TA1, long, finger-like, TA3 prominent, broad short. Measurements: TL 2.85, PL 1.30, PW at PLEs 1.05, AL 1.40, AW 0.70. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.37, PLE 0.10, ALE 0.22, PME 0.01, PME–PME 0.62, PLE–PLE 0.49, ALE–PME 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.31. Leg I: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.08, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.30, Mt 0.65, Ta 0.46; Leg II: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.15, Pt 0.31, Tb 1.27, Mt 0.77, Ta 0.40; Leg III: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.21, Pt 0.37, Tb 1.18, Mt 1.33, Ta 0.56; Leg IV: Tr 0.15, Fm 1.21, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.36, Mt 0.99, Ta 0.56.<br />
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<i><b>Female paratype</b></i>: As in male, except: yellowish green prosoma, eye field occupying nearly one third of the prosoma, abdomen yellowish, broader, with peculiar dark green blotches (Figs 7C–D). Epigyne: broad, well sclerotized. Large atrial rim present (Figs 8C–D). Copulatory openings seem to open directly into spermathecae. Spermathecae large, inverted pear-shaped, with heavily sclerotized thick wall (Figs 8C–D). Spermathecae appear to be fused. Fertilization ducts lanceolate, moderately long, slender, originating from middle of postero-dorsal wall of receptacles (Fig. 8D). Measurements: TL 3.95, PL 1.40, PW at PLEs 0.95, AL 1.80, AW 1.40. Eye field: Diameter of AME 0.37, PLE 0.09, ALE 0.22, PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.62, PLE–PLE 0.47, ALE–PME 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.31. Leg I: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.02, Pt 0.46, Tb 1.30, Mt 1.12, Ta 0.46; Leg II: Tr 0.12, Fm 1.24, Pt 0.40, Tb 1.27, Mt 0.93, Ta 0.43; Leg III: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.12, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.24, Mt 0.87, Ta 0.40; Leg IV: Tr 0.16, Fm 1.58, Pt 0.34, Tb 1.30, Mt 1.55, Ta 0.50.<br />
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<b>Reference</b>:</div>
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SURESH P. BENJAMIN & NILANI KANESHARATNAM. 2016. Description of three new species of the tropical Asian jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 from high altitude cloud forests of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4205 (5): 431–453. DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4205.5.2</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-43431675894927745332016-12-06T15:06:00.001-08:002016-12-06T15:06:51.970-08:00[Insect] A new species of Ambunticoris from Sulawesi (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Abstract.</b> <i>Ambunticoris sulawesicus </i>sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini) is described from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Diagnosis, digital habitus images, illustrations of male and female genital structures, and scanning micrographs of diagnostic morphological structures are provided for the new species. Diagnosis of the tribe Eccritotarsini and placement of the genus Ambunticoris Carvalho, 1981 within this tribe are briefly discussed.</div>
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<b>Keywords: </b>Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae, Eccritotarsini, taxonomy, genitalia, Indonesia, Oriental Region</div>
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<b>Description. Male.</b> <b><i>Coloration</i></b> (Figs 1–2). Dorsum sandy brown to dirty yellow. Head uniformly pale yellow, antennal segments II–IV usually somewhat darker; entire clypeus brown; eyes dark brown with reddish tinge; labium whitish yellow with darkened apex of segment IV. Thorax: Pronotum sandy brown; thoracic pleura and sterna uniformly dark brown; scutellum brown to dark brown with distinctly paler apex, ranging from whitish yellow to pale brown; legs pale yellow, apical halves of femora somewhat more intensely colored, dirty yellow; clavus dark brown; entire exocorium whitish; corium whitish with wide transverse brown stripe at level of claval apex; cuneus brown with whitish base; membrane uniformly pale brown, with pale brown veins. Abdomen dark brown, with somewhat paler genital segment.</div>
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<i><b>Surface and vestiture</b></i>. Dorsum shiny, head smooth, pronotum with dense deep punctures (Figs 15–16), hemelytron weakly rugose. Entire body with long, erect to semierect pale simple setae; femoral trichobothria deeply recessed and tuberculate (Figs 20–21); tibial spines absent; appendages with short, semierect to adpressed pale simple setae.</div>
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<i><b>Structure.</b></i> Body elongate-oval, macropterous, total length 2.5–2.8 mm, length from apex of clypeus to apex of cuneus 2.4–2.5 mm, body 2.7–3.0× as long as basal width of pronotum.</div>
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Head vertical, width across eyes 0.63–0.65 mm, nearly as wide as high, almost triangular below eyes in frontal view; frons convex, epistomal suture distinctly depressed; clypeus prominent, oriented ventro-posteriorly (Fig. 17); mandibular plate broadly triangular; maxillary plate rectangular, twice as long as high; eyes relatively small, less than half height of head in lateral view, with posteriorly expanded dorsolateral area; vertex width 0.35 mm, vertex 2.2–2.5× as wide as dorsal width of one eye; antennal fossa located well above ventral margin of eye; antennal segment I relatively short, length 0.25–0.28 mm, slightly swollen; segment II thin, length 0.68–0.70 mm, 0.7–0.8× as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.1× as long as width of head; segments III and IV filiform; labium thick, apically blunt, reaching hind coxae, segments I and II comparatively long, reaching fore and middle coxae respectively, segments III and IV short and somewhat swollen, as long as broad at base</div>
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<i><b>Thorax. </b></i>Pronotum trapeziform, length 0.53–0.58 mm, width 0.93–0.95 mm, 1.6–1.8× as wide as long, 1.4–1.5× as wide as head; with flat collar-like expansion, posteriorly separated by shallow depression (Fig. 16); calli not delimited and only slightly raised; metathoracic spiracular opening elongate-oval, without differentiated microsculpture (Fig. 18); peritreme of metathoracic scent gland lanceolate, extended posteriorly along ventral margin of metapleuron, with several setae; evaporative area reduced to narrow falciform area along dorsal margin of peritreme and devoid of characteristic mushroom bodies (Fig. 19); entire mesonotum and usually base of scutellum covered by posterior margin of pronotum. Hemelytron semitransparent, corium with almost straight lateral margin, R+M vein and medial fracture well developed, reaching apex of corium; cuneus relatively long, more than twice as long as wide at base; membrane with single cell almost reaching apex of cuneus (Fig. 1). Legs. All femora cylindrical; tibia straight and rather short; tarsus three-segmented, distinctly swollen apically, with long guard setae; all segments almost equal in length (Fig. 23); unguitractor with three distinct columns of lamellae; claw bent close to apex, with dense claw hairs on outer surface; inner surface of claw with large semicircular pulvilli equipped with pulvillar combs; parempodia asymmetrical, with outer parempodium reduced, distinctly shorter than inner (Fig. 24).</div>
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<i><b>Genitalia. </b></i>Genital capsule about 25% of abdomen, trapeziform, distinctly wider than long in dorsal view, with reduced dorsal wall and single oriented inward spine-like process above right paramere; genital aperture large, without supragenital bridge and with closed paramere sockets (Figs 10, 13, 22). Parameres. Right paramere somewhat larger than left one, flattened, spoon-shaped, without sensory lobe and apical process (Figs 8, 11); left paramere U-shaped, with somewhat flattened body, undifferentiated sensory lobe and gradually tapering, almost straight apical process (Figs 9, 12). Aedeagus C–shaped (Figs 5–7), with endosoma in repose entirely expanded from phallotheca, slightly sclerotized along entire length, simple, tubeshaped, gradually curved rightward and terminating in poorly ornamented secondary gonopore; phallotheca narrow, with strongly sclerotized apical part, not delimited from endosoma; ductus seminis membranous, with hardly visible walls (Fig. 26).</div>
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<i><b>Female. </b></i>Coloration, surface, vestiture and structure. As in male, antennal segments I and II somewhat shorter, 0.2 mm and 0.53 mm respectively. Genitalia: Dorsal labiate plate reduced, entirely membranous, without sclerotized rings or any other sclerotizations; posterior wall with rod-shaped sclerites on sides; ventral labiate plate with a pair of heavily sclerotized, large, complex, semicircular and roughly U-shaped symmetric sclerotizations united with proximal parts of sclerites on posterior wall; vulva membranous, without associated sclerites; vestibulum entirely membranous (Figs 27–28).</div>
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<i><b>Differential diagnosis. </b></i>Unequivocally recognized from congeners by the dark brown clavus, whitish corium with subapical brown transverse stripe, uniformly pale brown membrane (Figs 1–2), spoon-shaped right paramere without apical process (Figs 8, 11), and C-shaped aedeagus with simple tube-like apex (Figs 5–7). <i>Ambunticoris ochraceus</i> Carvalho, 1981 (Fig. 3) is somewhat similar to the new species in the smooth head without punctures but clearly differs in all other respects including larger size (3.8 mm), uniformly whitish ochraceous coloration, and the male genitalia with two apical flagellate appendages of aedeagus and right paramere with distinct apical process (see Figs 57–59 in CARVALHO 1981). <i>Ambunticoris nigroemboliatus </i>Carvalho, 1981 (Fig. 4) resembles <i>A. sulawesicus </i>in the body size but differs from that species in dark brown head, pronotum and scutellum, whitish yellow hemelytron with narrowly darkened base and embolium, broadly arcuate costal margin, and the right paramere with well differentiated, large apical process (see Fig. 63 in CARVALHO 1981).</div>
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<b><i>Etymology. </i></b>Sulawesicus (-a, -um), adjective. The species is named after its type locality, the island of Sulawesi.</div>
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<b>Distribution.</b> The species is known from Dumoga-Bone National Park, Sulawesi-Utara</div>
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Province, Indonesia.</div>
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<b>Reference: </b>Fedor V. KONSTANTINOV & Aurika N. ZINOVJEVA. A new species of Ambunticoris from Sulawesi (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56 (1), 2016.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-52673996285870612192016-12-06T01:16:00.000-08:002016-12-06T01:16:26.690-08:00[Botany] Two new species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India<div style="text-align: justify;">
Abstract. Two new species, i.e. Impatiens albopetala Gogoi & Borah and Impatiens dibangensis Gogoi & Borah, are described and illustrated here from Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India.</div>
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<b>Keywords</b>: arunachal Pradesh; dibang Valley; Impatiens; new Species</div>
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<b>Description</b> <i>Impatiens albopetala</i> <b>(Figure 1)</b></div>
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Perennial non succulent herbs up to 100 cm tall, stem branched, green with dark spots, glabrous, nodes swollen, rooting from the nodes. Leaves alternate, petiolate to subsessile, stipule papillate, with tip red, petiole 0.5–4.5 cm long, 1.5–3 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly winged; blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–13.5 × 2–6.5 cm, margin serrulate, green, bristle between teeth, bristle reddish tipped; base obtuse, apex acuminate. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, equal to or longer than leaf, 7–14 cm long; peduncle green, ebracteate, with dark spots, glabrous, 3–7 cm long, 1–1.5 mm in diameter, 5- to 10-flowered. Flower yellow with white distal lobes in wings, bisexual, bracteate, bract 3–4 × 1 mm, triangular, green, apex acuminate, base truncate; pedicel green, 1.3–1.5 cm long, 1–1.5 mm in diameter. Lateral sepals four, in two pairs, bigger ones 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, greenish, lanceolate, apex acuminate, small ones to 2 × 0.5–1 mm, tip black, linear lanceolate, green. Lower sepal tubular, 2.5–3 cm long, mouth 0.8–1 cm, oblique, beak down-curved, broad at the base, whitish, almost translucent, to 5 mm long, spur yellow with reddish spots, 1.8–2 cm long, tip yellow, erect, slightly up-curved. Dorsal petal yellow, obliquely oblong, deflexed, contorted along longer axis, 0.9–1 cm long, to 3 mm wide, mid-vein prominent, red spots in the abaxial surface, apex cuspidate. Lateral united petals (wings) yellow and white, 2.3–2.5 cm long (whole), bilobed, subequal, basal lobe yellow, curved, triangular, to 0.8 × 0.4 cm, apex acute, auricle inconspicuous, yellow, distal lobe white, 2 × 0.7 cm, upper portion semilunar and twisted along the longer axis, apex notched. Stamens five, encircling ovary, c. 3 mm long, capsule linear, slightly ribbed, green, 2–2.5 × 0.2 cm, seeds black when mature, surface rough, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm.</div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><b>Description </b><i>Impatiens dibangensis </i><b>(Figure 2)</b></span><br />
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Perennial non-succulent herbs, much branched, up to 80 cm tall, stem reddish, terete, ridged, nodes slightly swollen. Leaf confned to upper parts, alternate to spirally arranged, petiolate to subsessile, petiole 0.2–1.7 cm long, green, lamina elliptic, slightly coriaceous, dorsally light reddish, 3.7–13 × 2–4.7 cm, glabrous, base cuneate or slightly attenuate, apex acuminate, margin crenate, setose between teeth, stipule absent, veins 7–12 pairs, subopposite. Inflorescence axillary, longer than leaves, racemose, peduncle present, 4–10 cm long, up to 14 flowers. Flower yellow, pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm long, green, bract at the base, subulate, green, apex acute, to 1.5 × 0.5 mm. Lateral sepals two, subulate, green, 2 × 0.7 mm, apex acute, margin translucent, membranous. Lower sepal tubular, yellow, up to 2 cm deep, mouth without a beak or appendage inconspicuous, spur yellow, to 1.5 cm long, usually straight or slightly curved in apical portion, tip unifd; dorsal petal yellow, orbicular, dorsally greenish, noncucullate, to 8 × 9 mm, apex slightly emarginate, minutely beaked; lateral united petals yellow, bilobed, unequal, yellow, with red blotch, up to 2.4 cm long (whole), basal lobe obovate, up to 6 mm long, to 7 mm wide, apex acute, slightly clawed, distal lobe oblong-lorate, to 2 cm long, breadth up to 6 mm, apex obtuse, auricle minute. Stamens upright, 1.5 × 2.5 mm, anther lobes obtuse. Capsule linear, green, not ridged, up to 2.4 cm long, 1 mm width, seeds many, creamy. </div>
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<b>Reference</b>: Rajib Gogoi & Souravjyoti Borah. 2016. Two new species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography</div>
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2016.1253913</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-17940802065209411982016-12-05T16:18:00.001-08:002016-12-05T16:18:11.414-08:00[Insect] Craniophora minuscula sp. n., a new species of the genus Craniophora Snellen, 1867 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acronictinae) from Japan<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Abstract</b>.
In the present study, a new species of<i> Craniophora</i> Snellen, 1867, <i>C. minuscula</i> sp. n., is described as new to science from Japan, during course of the investigations on the <i>Craniophora pontica</i>-group. The external and genitalia morphology of both sexes is provided including the discrimination of the new species from the closely allied congeners.
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<b>Keywords</b>: <i>Craniophora pontica</i>-group, Taxonomy, New species, Genitalia morphology
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<b>Diagnonis</b></div>
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Craniophora minuscula externally resembles C. pacifica (Figs. 3, 10), C. taipaishana (Figs. 4, 11), C. draudti (Figs. 5, 12), C. simillima (Figs. 6, 13) and C. pontica (Figs. 7, 14). Due to the high similarity, reliable separation of the six taxa could require the study of genitalia, although C. minuscula exhibits some unique external characters: smaller size (wingspan of 24–32 mm compared to 28–32 mm in C. pacifica, 30–33 mm in C. taipaishana, 30–32 mm in C. draudti, 30–32 mm in C. simillima and 27–33 mm in C. pontica), brownish-greyish ground colour of forewing with slightly stronger rosy-tint brilliance, the narrower, smaller hook-like white dash on Cu2 vein, the crenulated postmedial line on M1, M3 and Cu1 veins, the somewhat elongated hindwing. Its relatives have more brownish ground colour of forewing however C. pacifica could have greyish ground colour.</div>
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Craniophora pacifica differs from C. minuscula by its larger size; the somewhat broader, angled forewing; the weaker basal dash; the evenly darker, double antemedial line; the slightly contrasty, double medial line at costal margin; the less crenulated postmedial line; the more or less evenly darker medial field; the more irregular orbicular macule; the somewhat indistinct claviform spot; the rather comma-like white dash; the rounded whitish hindwing with evenly broader brownish or blackish terminal band ended over the tornal patch and paler postdiscal line; in females, the somewhat darker brown hindwing with slightly more visible postdiscal line.</div>
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Craniophora taipaishana can be distinguished from the new species by its larger size; broader, angled forewing with brown ground colour; the somewhat weaker basal dash; the slightly contrasting, double antemedial line; the less crenulated postmedial line; the evenly darker medial field; the more or less rounded orbicular macule; the indistinct claviform and reniform spot; the longer and rather comma-like white dash; the rounded, almost pure white hindwing suffused with few brownish scales in the terminal area near to the veins and with a hardly visible or absent postdiscal line; in females, the somewhat evenly lighter brown hindwing.</div>
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Craniophora draudti differs from C. minuscula by its somewhat broader, angled and more uniform, brownish forewing; the somewhat weaker basal dash; the more regular antemedial line; the somewhat contrasty postmedial line; the more conspicuous white patch in the medial field at the ventral margin; more irregular orbicular macule; the less visible claviform spot; the slightly smaller, rather comma-like white dash; the slightly angled brown hindwing with weakly visible postdiscal line; in females, the somewhat triangular hindwing.</div>
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Craniophora simillima has more brownish forewing with slightly contrasty patterns; somewhat zigzagged, contrasty medial line; less crenulated postmedial line; more indistinct claviform and reniform spot; smaller, less hook-like white dash; slightly rounded whitish hindwing with fine brownish tint in terminal band; paler postdiscal line; faint discal spot; in females, lighter brown hindwing slightly darker the terminal band.</div>
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Craniophora pontica differs from all the other congeners by its more colourful forewing; the slightly more visible reniform spot filled with ochre scales; the hardly visible or absent small white dash; the more crenulated postmedial line; the diffuse terminal band and medial line of the whitish hindwing; in females, the whitish hindwing with diffuse brown scales in the terminal band.</div>
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Male genitalia (Figs. 15, 16). The close relationship with C. pacifica (Figs. 23, 24), C. taipaishana (Figs. 25, 26), C. draudti (Figs. 17, 18) and with a lesser degree to C. simillima (Figs. 21, 22) and C. pontica (Figs. 19, 20) is evident, however, the differences are very conspicuous. The clasping apparatus of C. minuscula (Fig. 15) differs from those of C. pacifica (Fig. 24) and C. taipaishana (Fig. 26) by its smaller size and the more rounded shape of the valvae. It can be distinguished from those of C. draudti (Fig. 17) and C. simillima (Fig. 21) by its more slender uncus and somewhat rounded shape of the valvae. Craniophora pontica (Fig. 19) has shorter uncus, slightly narrower and elongated valvae than its congeners. The valvae in the pontica species-group show some variation in more rounded vs. elongate shape but this variation may be constant within the given species. Craniophora minuscula (Fig. 16) has shorter vesica than C. pacifica (Fig. 23), C. taipaishana (Fig. 25) and C. draudti (Fig. 18). The proximal curve of vesica is turned upwards from right to left and in the latter three species forming a full loop in dorsal position. On the surface of the proximal curve, C. draudti and C. taipaishana have one patch of numerous small, spine-like cornuti, C. minuscula and C. pacifica have two patches of them. Craniophora minuscula differs from C. simillima (Fig. 22) by its larger aedeagus, much longer, curved vesica, with two separated patches on its surface covered by numerous small, spine-like cornuti. Craniophora pontica (Fig. 20) can be distinguished from all the other relatives by its somewhat complicated structure of the vesica. The full loop is in ventral position and its surface is covered by numerous small, spine-like cornuti. </div>
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Female genitalia (Fig. 27). Craniophora minuscula can be distinguished from C. pacifica (Fig. 28) and C. taipaishana (Fig. 29) by its shorter ductus bursae; simpler appendix-corpus bursae complex with one half curve at its distal part. The new species differs from C. pontica (Fig. 32) by its shorter ductus bursae without additional arch at the junction to corpus bursae; broader and shorter appendix-corpus bursae; from C. draudti (Fig. 30) and C. simillima (Fig. 31) by the orientation of ductus bursae-corpus bursae junction; simpler structure of appendixcorpus bursae complex and expressed half curve at its distal part.</div>
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The male eighth abdominal segments (Fig. 33) show the close relationship of the above mentioned species. The bell-shaped tergite is widening by sections in C. minuscula, C. pacifica (Fig. 34), C. taipaishana (Fig. 35) and C. simillima (Fig. 37), but gradually in C. draudti (Fig. 36) and C. pontica (Fig. 38). Its distal end is much broader in C. taipaishana and C. simillima. Craniophora minuscula has more oval “window” in the tergite than in C. pacifica, more regular than in C. taipaishana, C. draudti and C. pontica and longer than in C. simillima. The proximal section of the sternite is usually arcuate with exception of C. pacifica. The two lateral sections of the sternite are widening gradually in C. minuscula but they are more parallel in all other species.</div>
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<b>Description</b></div>
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Male (Figs. 1, 2). Wingspan 24–28 mm (forewing 12–13 mm). Head, thorax and forewing greyish with blackish, brownish scales, the latter with rosy-tint brilliance. Abdomen light brownish with three blackish hair brushes dorsally. Forewing narrow and short with obtuse apex; costa finely curved. Wing pattern clearly visible, basal line indistinct; antemedial line double, the outer line more contrasty and abrupt irregularly; medial line contrasty; postmedial line double, contrasty, crenulated at the M1, M3 and Cu1 veins; subterminal line indistinct; terminal line traceable by black dots. Medial field lighter and filled with ground colour. Orbicular macule small or medium sized, light brownish with white and black outlines; reniform spot relative large, indistinctly outlined, inner part darker; claviform spot reduced, faint; on Cu2 vein with narrow, hook-like white dash. Hindwing whitish, elongated, terminal band brownish; postdiscal line diffuse, faint; discal spot pale. Female (Figs. 8, 9). Wingspan 28–32 mm (forewing 13–15 mm). As male but somewhat larger in size, with brownish hindwing.</div>
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Male genitalia (Figs. 15, 16). Clasping apparatus weakly sclerotized; uncus strong, long, with hairy and pointed tip; scaphium developed, moderately sclerotized, juxta subdeltoidal with wider basal plate and long triangular dorsal extension. Valvae symmetrical, weakly sclerotized, rounded; sacculus expressed with tuft of dense hairs; harpe reduced, substituted by oblique medial sclerit; ventral margin of the valvae weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus cylindrical. Vesica tubular, everted forward, recurved ventrally upwards from right to left and continued in a full loop turned upwards at right side from right to left; proximal curve covered with spinulose structures; distal third of vesica covered by small spinules.</div>
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Female genitalia (Fig. 27). Ovipositor rounded shaped, as long as wide, tapering; papillae anales weakly sclerotized, oval, densely hairy; apophyses anterioris longer or equal long as apophyses posterioris. Ostium bursae moderately wide, dorsal plate weakly sclerotized, platelike. Antrum short, hardly sclerotized. Ductus bursae medium long, tubular, dorso-lateral curved; sclerotized crests running evenly to apical part of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae reduced, fused with the large appendix</div>
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bursae. Appendix-corpus bursae complex rather simple, tubular, recurved, distally with a loop.</div>
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Male eighth abdominal segments (Fig. 33) with sclerotized structures; tergite “bell-like”, with two symmetrical bars; distal half more sclerotized; middle section without sclerotization, strongly oval; sternite moderately sclerotized with two curved bars, connected by a rather straight cross-bar proximally; distal part triangular, broadened; middle section without sclerotization, moderately oval and rounded.</div>
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<b>Reference</b>: Ádám Kiss and Utsugi Jinbo. 2016. <i>Craniophora minuscula</i> sp. n., a new species of the genus Craniophora Snellen, 1867 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acronictinae) from Japan. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 19 (2016) 929–935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.07.018</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-4043019345627404602016-12-05T15:39:00.004-08:002016-12-05T15:39:44.681-08:00[Fungi] Cookeina cremeirosea, a new species of cup fungus from the South Pacific<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Abstract.</b> A new species in the Sarcoscyphaceae from the Samoan Islands, Cookeina cremeirosea, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from the other eight species that are currently accepted for the genus. It is closely related to the Asian species Cookeina indica from which it can be separated by color and spore morphology. </div>
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<b>Keywords</b>: Ascomycota, Pezizales, Phylogenetics, Samoa, Sarcoscyphaceae </div>
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<b>Description</b></div>
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<u>Diagnosis</u>: <i>Cookeina cremeirosea </i>differs from <i>C. indica </i>by having unornamented, rather than striated, ascospores and by its pinkish ascomata.</div>
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<u>Etymology</u>: <i>cremeirosea</i> refers to the pinkish color of the fresh ascomata.</div>
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Apothecia cup-shaped, centrally stipitate. Receptacle lacking hairs but very minutely granular, uniformly pink (5YR8/3) when fresh, becoming reddish yellow (7.5YR6/8) when dry. Stipe central with a narrow attachment, somewhat compressed and fluted, when dried 1e7 mm long and up to 1 mm</div>
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wide, concolorous with the receptacle but somewhat lighter towards the base. Disc up to 8 mm wide when dried, deeply concave, smooth, margin entire and with very minute hairs (60-100 μm long) visible on the rim with magnification, concolorous with the stipe and receptacle. Ectal excipulum 35-70 μm wide of textura angularis to textura globulosa, several cells thick, nongelatinized, with some light granular material on the outer surface composed of clusters of cells, also giving rise tominute hairs on the rim of the disc. Medullary excipulum comprising a single layer between the ectal excipulum and hymenium, 120-228 μm deep, of textura porrecta, hyphae 4-8 μm wide, nongelatinized. Hymenium 312-360 μm wide. Asci long, cylindrical, 324-336 x 14-17 μm, with walls 0.5-2 μm thick, often rounded at the base, usually containing 8 ascospores but sometimes having 6 or 7 ascospores, not reacting in Melzer's reagent. Ascospores 8.0-(9.7)-12.0 23.0-(26.85)-33.0 μm in Melzer's reagent, obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, elliptical, in side view often slightly flattened on one side, some with subpapillate ends, surface not ornamented, guttules variable. Paraphyses 2e4 mm wide, hyaline, septate, adhering to one another, interwoven, and anastomosing with some apical branching. Substrate decaying woody matter.</div>
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Additional specimen examined: USA, American Samoa: National Park of American Samoa, Tutuila Unit, on woody material along Mount ‘Alava Trail at Siufaga Ridge, 4 Dec 2013, B. R. Kropp 4-Dec-13-1 (UTC00275475).</div>
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The islands of the South Pacific are typically small and scattered over an enormous geographical area. Because of this they are difficult targets logistically for biologists doing species surveys. In addition to the logistical challenges of working on these scattered islands, a varied mix of ecosystems occurs across the region ranging from scrub vegetation found on some low lying atolls to cloud forest at the tops of mountain peaks. As a consequence, progress toward understanding the mycobiota of this region has been slow. The recent monographic treatment of Cookeina published by Iturriaga and Pfister (2006) helps enormously in proposing <i>C. cremeirosea </i>as a new species. <i>Cookeina cremeirosea </i>is easily separated from all of the currently accepted Cookeina species (except <i>C. indica</i>) by its lack of easily visible hairs on the surface of the ascomata and by lacking gelatinized material in the excipulum. It is clearly closely related to <i>C. indica</i> but it is distinct from this species both phylogenetically (Fig. 1) and morphologically. The ascomata of C. cremeirosea differ from those of <i>C. indica </i>by being uniformly light pink rather than yellow. In addition, the ascospores of <i>C. cremeirosea</i> differ from those of <i>C. indica </i>by having unornamented, not ridged, surfaces. </div>
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The close relationship between <i>C. indica </i>and <i>C. cremeirosea </i>is analogous to the relationship between <i>C. sinensis </i>and <i>C. tricholoma. </i>The phylogenetic distance between the latter two species is similar to that between <i>C. indica </i>and <i>cremeirosea </i>and both pairs of species are similarly separated by differences in color and spore ornamentation (Fig. 1). <i>Cookeina mundkurii</i> S. C. Kaushal, another similar species, was synonymized with <i>C. indica </i>by Iturriaga and Pfister (2006). The holotype was</div>
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apparently not available to be examined by them, however, the original description of C. mundkurii (Kaushal 1986) corresponds well to <i>C. indica </i>and its yellow color would separate it from <i>C. cremeirosea. </i>Iturriaga and Pfister (2006) also reported that two other species of Cookeina, <i>C. colensoi </i>and <i>C. insititia</i> were collected in Samoa by Lloyd. Thus, the new species reported here brings the number of Cookeina species present in these islands to three. </div>
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Even though the close phylogenetic relationship between the Asian taxon <i>C. indica </i>and <i>C. cremeirosea </i>suggests that <i>C. cremeirosea </i>has ties to Asia, it is premature to say much about the geographic origins of this species. There is no strong geographic pattern among the clades shown in Fig. 1 nor were there any geographic patterns evident in the phylogram of Weinstein et al. (2002). Given that the mycobiota of the South Pacific is so poorly known, much more sampling will be needed to determine the geographic origins of <i>C. cremeirosea</i> or whether it is endemic to Samoa or the South Pacific.</div>
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<b>Reference</b>: Kropp BR, Cookeina cremeirosea, a new species of cup fungus from the South Pacific, Mycoscience (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.09.003</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-87171022774759213712016-12-05T07:05:00.000-08:002016-12-05T07:05:54.008-08:00[Insect] A new species of the genus Cyparium from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)<div style="text-align: justify;">
Abstract. A new species of scaphidiine beetle, <i>Cyparium celebense</i> sp. nov., is described from northern Sulawesi, and a key to the species of the genus<i> Cyparium</i> Erichson, 1845 from the Sunda Islands is provided.</div>
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<b>Key words</b>. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, shining fungus beetle, new species, key to species, Sunda Islands, Oriental Region</div>
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<b>Description</b></div>
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<u><b>Head</b></u>. Almost black, clypeus and frons dark brown to reddish brown, mouth parts yellowish-brown. Antennomeres I–VI and apical half of XI brown to yellowish-brown; VII–X dark brown to black; XI light yellowish-brown. Head with eye width about 1.2 times as interocular distance. Punctation sparse and fine. Antennomeres I–VI with few macrosetae, VII–XI covered with some macrosetae; I about 2.5 times as long as VI; VI and VII each almost as long as wide; VIII–XI each wider than long; XI about twice as long as III and 2.5 times as long as VI (Fig. 1C).</div>
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<u><b>Thorax. </b></u>Pronotum and elytra black, without iridescent luster. Tibiae and femur dark reddish-brown; tarsus lighter than tibiae and femur. Ventral surface almost black, except for dark reddish-brown coxae (Fig. 1A). Pronotum wider than long, with anterior bead. Punctation sparse and fine, as on head. Scutellum wider than long, with exposed apex. Hypomeron and lateral portion of mesoventrite smooth. Lateral portion of metaventrite coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider than long, widest at basal third to fourth, lateral margins gradually narrowed apically, minutely serrate at inner part of posterior margin, latero-posterior margin with some setae. Disc of elytra with punctation coarser than that on pronotum, with five distinct and one indistinct rows of punctures; first row extending outwards along basal margin and joined with third row. Intervals between rows of punctures finely and sparsely punctate. Sutural striae extending outwards along basal margin to form basal striae, reaching humeral area and not joined with lateral striae. Mesocoxa almost as wide as space between them. Mesepimeron about twice as long as wide. Metepisternum about six times as long as</div>
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wide, without longitudinal line. Metepimeron almost as long as wide. Metacoxa almost as wide as metacoxal process. Protarsomeres I–III each 1.2 times as long as IV; V 1.5 times as long as III and twice as long as IV. Mesotarsomeres I and V each 2.0 times as long as each II–IV. Metatarsomeres I and V 1.2 times as long as III; II 1.2 times as long as III or IV. </div>
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<u><b>Abdomen</b></u>. Propygidium and pygidium dark brown to black. Propygidium and pygidium with microsculptures. Median portion of ventrite I coarsely and sparsely punctate, with punctures slightly weaker than those on metaventrite. </div>
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<u><b>Male</b></u>. Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III with tenent setae, not enlarged. Aedeagus 0.8 mm long; parameres symmetrical, slightly enlarged subapically and narrowed apically (Fig. 2A); internal sac without sclerites, covered with fine scale-like and denticulate structures (Figs 1B, 2B).</div>
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<u><b>Female</b></u>. Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III without tenent setae, not enlarged. Ovipositor simple; bursa copulatrix sclerotized, broadly triangular (Fig. 2C). Spermatheca not detected. Measurements (n = 3). Length (PL+EL): 2.13–2.36 mm. PW: 1.31–1.42 mm. EW: 1.44–1.67 mm. HW: 0.56–0.60 mm. ID: 0.16–0.18 mm. PL/PW: 0.64–0.67, EL/EW: 0.84–0.89. Approximate ratio of each antennal segment in length (width) (n = 1) = 1.5 (0.6) : 1.1 (0.5) : 1.0 (0.4) : 0.8 (0.4) : 0.9 (0.5) : 0.6 (0.6) : 0.9 (1.0) : 0.8 (1.1) : 0.8 (1.3) : 0.9 (1.4) : 1.6 (1.4).</div>
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<b>Reference</b>:</div>
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Ryo Ogawa, Ivan Löbl & Kaoru Maeto. 2016. A new species of the genus <i>Cyparium </i>from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56(1).</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-32335357997721406642016-12-05T04:09:00.001-08:002016-12-05T06:33:42.306-08:00[Zoology] Morphological Variations and New Species Description of Genus Rousettus Bat from Gunung Duasudara Sanctuary, North Sulawesi, Indonesia<div style="text-align: justify;">
Abstract: Bats belongs to Pteropodidae Family that spreaded evenly in Indonesia. Genus Rousettus have their morphological variances among
its own species based on characteristics on each species. Among them there is fruit-feeding bats of from genus Rousettus (Chiroptera:
Pteropodidae) that have many variances of morphology among its own species. This study was aimed to identify the morphological variations
and its sex type influence of genus Rousettus bats from Gunung
Duasudara Sanctuary, North Sulawesi. The locations were consisted 7
types of major vegetations at altitude range from 0 to 1351 m above sea
level (asl). All habitat types were observed using Mist-net method at 1
and 3 m above the ground. There were found 452 individuals, including
R. amplexicaudatus (224), R. celebensis (219) and R. tangkokoensis n.
sp. (9). Nine individuals of Rousettus tangkokoensis n. sp. were newly
found in lowland forest and coastal forest. These newly-found species
were different from other Rousettus. There was discovered that sex type
had influenced the skull and external body characters on R.
amplexicaudatus, R. tangkokoensis n. sp. R. celebensis. However, most of
other characters were statistically not-significant that indicated there was
not any sexual dimorphism. According to the Discriminant Function
Analysis (DFA), these morphological groups possess different
specification. Therefore, the three species of genus Rousettus have
statistically variation of skull and external body characters one to another. </div>
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<b>Keywords:</b> North Sulawesi, Gunung Duasudara Sanctuary, <i>Rousettus</i></div>
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<b>Description</b><br />
The color of outer appearance of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. was blackish orange shoulder, while <i>R. </i><i>amplexicaudatus</i> was greyish brown to brown and <i>R. </i><i>celebensis</i> was brown to yellowish brown. The color of chest to belly of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. was slightly bright orange, while R. amplexicaudatus was slightly bright grey brown and R. celebensis was slightly yelowish brown. The top head of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. was colored slightly dark orange, while <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> was slightly dark grey brown and R. celebensis was slightly yellowish brown. The neck of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. was colored dark orange, while R. amplexicaudatus was grey brown with yellow hair bundle on both sides of the neck and <i>R. celebensis</i> was dark orange.<br />
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The pelage of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. and <i>R. amplexicaudatus </i>was similar since it did not possessing dense pelage up to around the thigh, while <i>R. celebensis </i>had dense pelage around the thigh. Next similarity between <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp., <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> and <i>R. celebensis</i> is they had hairy wings attaching on the back side, not on the their shoulder sides (Fig. 4).<br />
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<i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. had bigger and smaller skull characters than those in <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> and <i>R. celebensis</i>. The former is POW (8.99 mm; 8.60-9.70 mm); the latter is GSL (34.67 mm; 30.30-37 mm). The other characters are ZB (20.79 mm; 18.00-24.40 mm), LIW (7.18 mm; 6.70-8.30 mm), BCW (14.15 mm; 13.70-14.70 mm), BL (2.60 mm; 2.40-2.80 mm), MSF (4.54 mm; 4.10-5.00 mm), PL (16.34 mm; 14.60-17.60 mm), CBL (33.11 mm; 28.00-36.50 mm), CCL (31.84 mm; 27.50-34.90 mm), C1M3 (11.27 mm; 9.30-12.60 mm), C1C1 (6.12 mm; 5.50-7.30 mm), M3M3 (9.13 mm; 8.80-9.80 mm), DL (25.72 mm; 23.00-28.30 mm), RAP width (10.38 mm; 9.50-11.80 mm), C1M3 (12.33 mm; 10.10-14.90 mm), C1C1 (3.79 mm; 3.50-4.20 mm) and M3M3 (8.84 mm; 8.20-9.50 mm).<br />
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The external body characters of <i>R. tangkokoensis n</i>. sp., (FA, HF, EAR and TAIL) were bigger than those of <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> and <i>R. celebensis</i>. Furthermore, SV distance of <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. is also bigger than that of <i>R. celebensis</i>. TIB of <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. is bigger than <i>R. amplexicaudatus. </i>Otherwise, the FL of <i>R. </i><i>tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. is smaller than <i>R. amplexicaudatus. </i>Overall, <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. had small-sized characters, except for POW, FA, HF and EAR, which are bigger than those of <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> and <i>R. celebensis</i>.<br />
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Beside differences among species above, Suyanto (2001) stated that these were only based on the size lower arm wing and the presence or absence of wing attaching on the middle of shoulder. In both characters, <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. is consistent with typical characteristics of <i>Rousettus.</i> Under this reason, the species is classified in a member of <i>Rousettus</i>.<br />
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Comparing <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. with other studies on <i>R. amplexicaudatus </i>based on one the body sizes, their FA length is about 82.22-86.76 mm (Payne and Francis, 1985) and FA length is about 77-87.2 mm (Suyanto, 2001). Apparently, the <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. is nearly similar to <i>R. amplexicaudatus. </i><br />
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Bergmans and Rosendaal (1988) measured 14 male <i>R. </i><i>amplexicaudatus</i> from Sulawesi. Their FA length is about 81.55 (77.3-85.6 mm), ZB length is 22.3 (20.7-23.3 mm), GSL length is 36.85 (35.2-38.5 mm) and CBL length is 35.4 (34.2-37.2 mm). It is apparently <i>R. amplexicaudatus</i> have similarity with the <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp body size, yet it has bigger skull than <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp., but with R. spinalatus, it had similar FA, 85.1 mm.<br />
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Maryanto and Yani (2003) measured the several characters of 12 males <i>R. celebensis </i>in <b>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense </b>and determinded their length for these several characters: FA 75.81 mm (72.61-79.41 mm), GSL 39.46 mm (38.75-40.64 mm), ZB 23.59 mm (22.02-25.12 mm), CBL 37.57 mm (36.48-38.66 mm) and POW 7.69 (7.26-8.47 mm). They also measured the several characters from 4 males <i>R. linduensis </i>from Sulawesi. The measured ofthe length for these characters were: FA 76.73 mm (75.64-77.54 mm), GSL 39.38 mm (38.81-39.70 mm), ZB 24.08 mm (23.93-24.25 mm), CBL 37.47 mm (37.2-37.63 mm) and POW 7.07 mm (7.02-7.14 mm). In ferential, <i>R. celebensis </i>and <i>R. linduensis </i>have smaller body size and entirely larger skull, except the POW size.<br />
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Rookmaker and Bergmans (1981) measuerd the body size of R. leschenaultii from Indonesia. <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. has smaller body size and skull compared with <i>R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultii </i>has FA length about 84.0-90.36 mm, GSL 40.3-43.6 mm and ZB 24.8-27.6 mm, respectively.<br />
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Moreover, <i>R. tangkokoensis </i>n. sp. compared with <i>R. egyptiacus </i>(FA of 85-101.9 mm) (Grzimek, 2003; Kwiecinski and Griffin, 1999) and R. madagascar (FA of 119-140 mm) (Bergmans, 1997; Bush Warriors, 2013; Jenkins and Racey, 2008; McNab, 1969), it is apparent that <i>R. tangkokoensis</i> n. sp. be smaller than <i>R. egyptiacus</i> and <i>R. madagascar</i>.</div>
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<b>Reference</b></div>
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Hanry Jefry Lengkong, Endang Arisoesilaningsih, Luchman Hakim and Sudarto. 2016. Morphological Variations and New Species Description of Genus Rousettus Bat from Gunung Duasudara Sanctuary, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 2016, 16 (2): 90.101</div>
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DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2016.90.101</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2967758658789344248.post-10757860405509878602016-12-05T03:35:00.003-08:002016-12-05T06:18:57.770-08:00[Botany] Alseis sertaneja (Rubiaceae: Condamineeae), a new species endemic to the Brazilian semiarid region<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alseis sertaneja is described, illustrated, and its diagnostic characteristics and morphological affinities are
presented. The new species has whitish to greyish external bark, deciduous and bullate leaves, a congested inflorescence,
and occurs in the Caatinga in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil. A new synonym and lectotype
for A. involuta K. Schum., a closely related species, are also provided. </div>
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<b>Key Words</b>: Bahia, Caatinga, lectotype, nomenclature, taxonomy.<br />
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<b>Description</b><br />
<b><u>Trees</u></b> or <b><u>treelets </u></b>up to 6 m tall, monoecious; external bark whitish to greyish, internal bark orangish, branches cylindrical with a smooth surface, easily broken into splinters, young branches with vertical<br />
growth. <b><u>Bracts</u></b> 7 – 8 × 4 – 5 mm long, triangular to deltoid with simple trichomes, grouped at apex of<br />
branches. <b><u>Leaves</u> </b>opposite, decussate, deciduous; petioles 4 – 10 mm long, rugulous, with simple trichomes; leaf blades 4.5 – 13.5 × 1.8 – 6.5 cm, obovate to elliptic, bullate, adaxial surface glabrous or with sparse, simple trichomes, abaxial surface with simple trichomes, slightly discolorous in vivo and in sicco, the apex acute, margin slightly revolute in sicco, the base decurrent to attenuate; veins brochidodromous, midvein, secondary and tertiary veins impressed on the adaxial surface and prominent on the adaxial surface in vivo and in sicco, secondary veins 10 – 12 on each side, slightly<br />
arcuate near the blade margin, 3.5 – 5 mm apart from each other.<b><u> Inflorescences</u> </b>terminal and axillary in uppermost leaves, produced immediately before new leaves, spiciform, congested, with c. 40 flowers; peduncle 1.5 – 2.5 cm long; stipules 4, surrounding the inflorescence, 6 – 7 × 6 mm, decussate, lanceolate to ovate, concave, the outer surface sericeous; bracts 4 – 6 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, lanceolate to filiform, the outer surface sericeous. <u><b>Flowers</b></u> bisexual, subssesile; hypanthium globose, hypanthium and calyx up to 2.5 mm long, green, calyx lobes 5, 0.5 – 0.7 mm wide, lanceolate, sericeous on the outer surface, persistent when senescent; corolla tubular, 2 – 3 × 1 – 1.5 mm, 2/3 connate at the base, the lobes 5, lanceolate to obovate, with simple trichomes at the apex on the outer<br />
surface, trichomes on the central portion on the inner surface; stamens 5, 4 – 5 mm long, adnate to petals at the base, the filaments wider at the base with simple trichomes on the central portion, the anthers c. 1 mm long, dorsifixed, bithecate; ovary bilocular, numerous ovules per locule; styles c. 4 mm long, 1=3 bifid, covered with simple trichomes. <b><u>Fruits</u></b> septicidal capsules, 4 – 8 × 2 – 3.5 mm, clavate, rugulous, dehiscent up to the middle portion, splitting at the apex into two forked valves, purplish red when immature, simple trichomes present, hyaline. Seeds numerous, 0.5 – 0.7 mm long, amorphous to lanceolate, irregularly winged. Figs 1, 2<br />
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<b>Reference</b>: Lucas Cardoso Marinho & Jomar Gomes Jardim. 2016. Alseis sertaneja (Rubiaceae: Condamineeae), a new species endemic to the Brazilian semiarid region. KEW BULLETIN (2016) 71:53 DOI <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12225-016-9670-5">10.1007/S12225-016-9670-5</a></div>
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